RESUMO
Cocona fruits are a popular food and medicinal fruit used mainly in the Amazon and several countries of South America for the preparation of several food products such as drinks, jams and milk shakes. In this study five ecotypes of cocona native to Peru have been studied regarding their nutritional and antioxidants values plus antihyperlipidemic activities. Seventy bioactive compounds have been detected in Peruvian cocona ecotypes including several phenolic acids, aminoacids and flavonoids; of those six were spermidines, (peaks 1, 2, 25, 26, 38 and 39), thirteen were aminoacids, (peaks 3-9, 11-13, 16, 17, 22-24), eighteen flavonoids (peaks 28, 30-32 45,46, 48-53 56, 57, 61 and 64-66), twelve were phenolics (peaks 19, 21, 27, 29, 34, 35, 36, 42, 43, 44, 54, and 59), two carotenoids, (peak 62 and 63), eight were lipid derivatives (peaks 37, 55, 58, 60 and 67-70), one sugar (peak 47), four terpenes (peaks 33, 40, 41 and 47), two amides, (peaks 10 and 18), one aldehyde, (peak 15), and three saturated organic acids, (peaks 4, 5 and 20). Hypercholesterolemic rats administered with pulp of the ecotypes CTR and SRN9 showed the lowest cholesterol and triglyceride levels after treatment (126.74 ± 6.63; 102.11 ± 9.47; 58.16 ± 6.64; 61.05 ± 4.00 mg/dL, for cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein respectively, for the group treated with SRN9 pulp, and 130.09 ± 8.55; 108.51 ± 10.04; 57.30 ± 5.72; and 65.41 ± 7.68 mg/dL, for cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL lipoproteins respectively for the group treated with CTR pulp). The ecotypes proved to be good sources of natural antioxidants and their consumption represent an alternative for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
RESUMO
Objetivo. Determinar la bioactividad de trece plantas medicinales peruanas a través de su capacidad citotóxica. Materiales y métodos. Se elaboraron extractos acuosos, hidroalcohólicos, o zumos liofilizados de las especies vegetales seleccionadas. La citotoxicidad in vitro fue evaluada usando la prueba de letalidad de Artemia salina, con la determinación de la concentración letal media (CL50). El potencial citotóxico de las muestras de extractos evaluados, se clasificaron en: a) no tóxico: CL50 > 1000 µg/ mL; b) baja toxicidad: 500 < CL50 ≤ 1000 µg/ mL; c) toxicidad moderada: 100 < CL50 ≤ 500 µg/ mL, y d) alta toxicidad: CL50 < 100 µg/ mL. Resultados. Los diferentes extractos del rizoma de Curcuma longa mostraron una potente actividad citotóxica, con CL50 entre 20,67 ± 7,04 y 98,14± 2,64 ug/mL. Los extractos de rizoma de Zingiber officinale, del fruto de Physalis angulata y la planta entera de Physalis angulata también mostraron actividad citotóxica con CL50 de 87,15±18,17, 323,48±18,85 y 328,92±23,08 ug/mL, respectivamente. Conclusión. Se encontró actividad citotóxica en los extractos de los rizomas de Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, así como el fruto y planta entera de Physalis angulata. Futuros estudios podrán determinar si la flora cultivada en el Perú puede ser una fuente para el desarrollo futuro de agentes antitumorales.
Objective. To determine the bioactivity of 13 Peruvian medicinal plants through their cytotoxic capacity. Material and methods. Aqueous, hydroalcoholic extracts or lyophilized juices of the selected plant species were elaborated. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated using the Artemia salina lethality test, with the determination of the mean lethal concentration (LC50). The cytotoxic potential of the samples of evaluated extracts was classified into: a) non-toxic: LC50> 1000 µg / mL, b) low toxicity: 500 < LC50 ≤ 1000 µg / mL, c) moderate toxicity: 100 < LC50≤ 500 µg / mL, and d) high toxicity: LC50 <100 µg / mL. Results. The different extracts of the Curcuma longa's rhizome showed a potent cytotoxic activity, with LC50 between 20.67 ± 7.04 and 98.14 ± 2.64 µg / mL. Zingiber officinale rhizome, Physalis angulate fruit and Physalis angulata whole plant extracts, also showed cytotoxic activity with LC50 of 87.15 ± 18.17, 323.48 ± 18.85 and 328.92 ± 23.08 µg / mL, respectively. Conclusion. Cytotoxic activity was found in the extracts of Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale rhizomes, as well as Physalis angulata fruit and whole plant extracts. Future studies will be able to determine if the flora cultivated in Peru could be a source for future development of antitumoral agents.
